Classics

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Baroque and Mannerism

Classics

Posthumous portrait of Luís de Camões, presented to D. Luís de Ataíde by Fernão Teles de Meneses, dated 1581, Goa

This is a general term referring to sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth-century authors, or to those amongst them who kept themselves relatively apart from Renaissance humanist (e.g. mannerist and baroque) principles. It can also be used to refer to nineteenth-century or even later authors, signifying a consensual recognition of their quality and including them in the canons accepted at a certain period as forming part of the established literary convention.

Portrait of Fernando Pessoa (1964)
by Almada Negreiros

For example, Camões is regarded as the great classic author of Portuguese literature, although Fernando Pessoa is also recognised as a “classic author of modernity”.

Generally speaking, the classical doctrine of the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries is based on the principle of imitating the authors of classical antiquity, the treatment of universal human values and both achieving a balance and distinguishing between the different forms and genres.